Endnotes
- Evans, W. (2018, June 14). Are Prison Populations Decreasing? Depends On Where You Look.
Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2018/06/14/619827057/are-prison-populations-decreasing-depends-on-where-you-look - Gelb, A., & Velazquez, T. (2018, August 1). The Changing State of Recidivism: Fewer People Going Back to Prison.
Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2018/08/01/the-changing-state-of-recidivism-fewer-people-going-back-to-prison - Sawyer, W., & Wagner, P. (2019, March 19). Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2019 (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2019.html - Sawyer, W., & Wagner, P. (2019, March 19). Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2019 (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2019.html - Gelb, A., & Denney, J. (2018, January 16). National Prison Rate Continues to Decline Amid Sentencing, Re-Entry Reforms.
Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2018/01/16/national-prison-rate-continues-to-decline-amid-sentencing-re-entry-reforms - Reducing Recidivism: States Deliver Results. (2018, November).
Retrieved from https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/StatesDeliverResults-2018.pdf - Umez, C., & Pirius, R. (2018, July 17). Barriers To Work: People With Criminal Records.
Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/barriers-to-work-individuals-with-criminal-records.aspx - Horowitz, J. (2018, October 31). 1 in 55 U.S. Adults Is on Probation or Parole.
Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2018/10/31/1-in-55-us-adults-is-on-probation-or-parole - Carson, E. A. (2018, January). Prisoners in 2016.
Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p16.pdf - Sawyer, W., & Wagner, P. (2019, March 19). Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2019 (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2019.html - Horowitz, J. (2019, January 19). Community Supervision Too Often Leads to Incarceration.
Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/news-room/opinion/2019/01/19/community-supervision-too-often-leads-to-incarceration - Kelly, W.R. (2017) From Retribution to Public Safety: Disruptive Innovation of American Criminal Justice. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Wagner, P., & Rabuy, B. (2017, January 25). Following the Money of Mass Incarceration.
Retrieved from https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/money.html - McLaughlin, M., Pettus-Davis, C., Brown, D., Veeh, C., & Renn, T. (2017, July). The Economic Burden of Incarceration in the U.S.
Retrieved from https://joinnia.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/The-Economic-Burden-of-Incarceration-in-the-US-2016.pdf - Walsh, A. (2016, August 15). The criminal justice system is riddled with racial disparities.
Retrieved from https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2016/08/15/cjrace/ - Jailing People with Mental Illness. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://www.nami.org/learn-more/public-policy/jailing-people-with-mental-illness - Gates, A., Artiga, S., & Rudowitz, R. (2014, September 5). Health Coverage and Care for the Adult Criminal Justice-Involved Population.
Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/health-coverage-and-care-for-the-adult-criminal-justice-involved-population/ - Schwartzapfel, B., & Hancock, J. (2016, December 06). Out of Prison, Uncovered.
Retrieved from https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/12/06/out-of-prison-uncovered?ref=hp-1-111#.0pgxaKhEI - Reducing Recidivism: States Deliver Results (Rep.). (2014, June).
Retrieved from https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ReducingRecidivism_StatesDeliverResults.pdf - Corley, C. (2018, July 31). North Dakota Prison Officials Think Outside The Box To Revamp Solitary Confinement.
Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/630602624/north-dakota-prison-officials-think-outside-the-box-to-revamp-solitary-confineme - Detainee Programs and Services. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://www.cookcountysheriff.org/cook-county-department-of-corrections/programs-and-services/ - Education and Vocational Training in Prisons Reduces Recidivism, Improves Job Outlook. (2013, August 22).
Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/news/press/2013/08/22.html - Strengthening Families and Communities. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://www.vera.org/strengthening-families-communities - Davis, L., Steele, J., Bozick, R., Williams, M., Turner, S., Miles, J., . . . Steinberg, P. (2014). How Effective Is Correctional Education, and Where Do We Go from Here? (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR564.html - Smith, A. A. (2018, November 6). Colleges push for more resources to support prison education programs.
Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/11/06/colleges-push-more-resources-support-prison-education-programs - Davis, L., Steele, J., Bozick, R., Williams, M., Turner, S., Miles, J., . . . Steinberg, P. (2014). How Effective Is Correctional Education, and Where Do We Go from Here? (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR564.html - The Consideration of Criminal Records in Occupational Licensing (Rep.). (2015, December).
Retrieved from https://csgjusticecenter.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/12/TheConsiderationofCriminalRecordsinOccupationalLicensing.pdf - Why Prison Education? (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://prisonstudiesproject.org/why-prison-education-programs/ - Federal Pell Grant Program. (2015, June 04).
Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/programs/fpg/index.html - 12,000 Incarcerated Students to Enroll in Postsecondary Educational and Training Programs Through Education Department’s New Second Chance Pell Pilot Program. (2016, June 24).
Retrieved from https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/12000-incarcerated-students-enroll-postsecondary-educational-and-training-programs-through-education-departments-new-second-chance-pell-pilot-program - Casselman, B. (2018, January 13). As Labor Pool Shrinks, Prison Time Is Less of a Hiring Hurdle.
Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/13/business/economy/labor-market-inmates.html - Yelowitz, A., & Bollinger, C. (2015, March). Prison-To-Work: The Benefits of Intensive Job-Search Assistance for Former Inmates (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/prison-work-5876.html - Homelessness Assistance Programs. (2019).
Retrieved from https://www.hudexchange.info/homelessness-assistance/ - Nowhere to Go: Homelessness among formerly incarcerated people(Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/housing.html - Goshin, L. S., Byrne, M. W. & Henninger, A. M. (2014), Recidivism after Release from a Prison Nursery Program. Public Health Nurs, 31: 109-117. doi:10.1111/phn.12072
- Dumont, D. M., Brockmann, B., Dickman, S., Alexander, N., & Rich, J. D. (2012). Public health and the epidemic of incarceration. Annual review of public health, 33, 325 - 39
- Maruschak, L., Berzofsky, M., & Unangst, J. (2016, October 4). Medical Problems of State and Federal Prisoners and Jail Inmates, 2011–12 (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/mpsfpji1112.pdf - Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration. (2013). Impact of Incarceration on Health.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201966/ - Vestal, C. (2016, May 23). At Rikers Island, a Legacy of Medication-Assisted Opioid Treatment.
Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2016/05/23/at-rikers-island-a-legacy-of-medication-assisted-opioid-treatment - Maine Corrections Pharmacy Focus Group, “Interim Report to the Joint Standing Committees for Appropriations and Financial Affairs and Health and Human Services” (2009),
Retrieved from https://www.maine.gov/corrections/BOC/refs/InterimReport.doc. - National Conference of State Legislatures, “Pharmaceutical Bulk Purchasing: Multi-state and Inter-agency Plans,” (Nov. 4, 2016),
Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/bulk-purchasing-of-prescription-drugs.aspx. - Martelle, M., Farber, B., Stazesky, R., Dickey, N., Parsons, A., & Venters, H. (2015). Meaningful Use of an Electronic Health Record in the New York City Jail System. American journal of public health, 105(9), 1752-4.
- Growing Inmate Crowding Negatively Affects Inmates, Staff, and Infrastructure (Rep.). (n.d.). Retrieved September 2012, from U.S. Government Accountability Office website: https://www.gao.gov/assets/650/648123.pdf
- Rouvalis, C. (2006, August 10). Child-friendly family center to open at jail.
Retrieved from https://www.post-gazette.com/uncategorized/2006/08/10/Child-friendly-family-center-to-open-at-jail/stories/200608100354 - Delaney, R., Subramanian, R., Shames, A., & Turner, N. (2018, October). Reimagining Prison (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://www.vera.org/reimagining-prison-web-report - Gotoff, D., & Lake, C. (2018, November 13). Voters Want Criminal Justice Reform. Are Politicians Listening?
Retrieved from https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/11/13/voters-want-criminal-justice-reform-are-politicians-listening - The Justice Reinvestment Initiative. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/JRI_2pager_FINAL.pdf - Justice Reinvestment Initiative: How States Use Data to Design Innovative Strategies to Reduce Crime, Recidivism, and Costs. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/JR_2Pager_Feb2019.pdf - T. (2018, July). 35 States Reform Criminal Justice Policies Through Justice Reinvestment.
Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/assets/2018/07/pspp_reform_matrix.pdf - The Justice Reinvestment Initiative. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/JRI_2pager_FINAL.pdf - Shames, A., & Subramanian, R. (2016, November). Common Ground: How all of Oregon Contributes to Criminal Justice Reform (Rep.).
Retrieved from https://storage.googleapis.com/vera-web-assets/downloads/Publications/common-ground-how-all-of-oregon-contributes-to-criminal-justice-reform/legacy_downloads/common-ground-oregon-criminal-justice-reform-web-updated.pdf - Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration. (2013). Impact of Incarceration on Health.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201966/ - Ford, M. (2015, June 08). America's Largest Mental Hospital Is a Jail.
Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/americas-largest-mental-hospital-is-a-jail/395012/ - Metro Government of Nashville & Davidson County, Tennessee. (2018, February 28). Nashville Sheriff Daron Hall Announces Mental Health Summit [Press release].
Retrieved from https://www.nashville.gov/News-Media/News-Article/ID/7283/Nashville-Sheriff-Daron-Hall-Announces-Mental-Health-Summit.aspx - Roman, J. K. (2015, September). Solving the Wrong Pockets Problem How Pay for Success Promotes Investment in Evidence-Based Best Practices.
Retrieved from https://pfs.urban.org/system/files/2000427-solving-the-wrong-pockets-problem.pdf
